This visualization presents the highest to lowest odds ratios (OR) for all age groups. The significance of these ratios is depicted using a heatmap; brighter colors indicate less significance. Hover over each data point to see detailed information.
The odds ratio is calculated using a contingency table with the formula: OR = (ad) / (bc), where:
- a = number of patients with the primary disease and a comorbidity
- b = number of patients with the primary disease but no comorbidity
- c = number of patients without the primary disease but with a comorbidity
- d = number of patients without the primary disease and no comorbidity
The odds ratio is a valuable metric for understanding the interaction between diseases. It provides insights beyond mere prevalence, helping decision-makers identify significant associations between conditions. Conducting a city-wide odds ratio analysis allows us to capture the unique epidemiological patterns within the population of Semarang City. This localized approach can inform public health strategies, resource allocation, and targeted interventions to address the specific health challenges faced by the community.
Groups:
- M0, M10, ... M90 or L0, L10, ... L90 represent MALE age groups 0-9, 10-19, ... 90+ years, respectively.
- F0, F10, ... F90 or P0, P10, ... P90 represent FEMALE age groups 0-9, 10-19, ... 90+ years, respectively.
Other Variables:
- ICD10 Code 1 and ICD10 Code 2: ICD-10 codes of diseases included in the odds ratio calculation. Only diseases with 1,000 or more patients were considered, resulting in 200 diseases. The odds ratio is calculated for each pair of these diseases.
- OR: Odds Ratio. A higher OR indicates a stronger association with the primary disease.
- ci_lo: Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval.
- ci_hi: Upper bound of the 95% confidence interval.
- P-value: Indicates the significance of the OR. Smaller values indicate higher significance. Very small values are expressed using scientific notation (e.g., 5e-3 = 0.005).
Interpreting OR, 95% CI, and P-value:
- OR > 1, 95% CI does not include 1, P-value < 0.05: The OR is statistically significant and positive, indicating that the comorbidity increases the odds of having the primary disease.
- OR < 1, 95% CI does not include 1, P-value < 0.05: The OR is statistically significant and negative, indicating that the comorbidity decreases the odds of having the primary disease.
- OR = 1, 95% CI includes 1, P-value > 0.05: The OR is not statistically significant, indicating no significant association between the comorbidity and the primary disease.
- OR ≠ 1, 95% CI does not include 1, P-value > 0.05: The OR is significant but not statistically significant, or there may be insufficient data.